tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8959556.comments2024-02-21T17:30:40.448-05:00An Objectivist IndividualistCharles R. Anderson, Ph.D.http://www.blogger.com/profile/09610765984333672076noreply@blogger.comBlogger1259125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8959556.post-37876040770370756552024-02-21T17:30:40.448-05:002024-02-21T17:30:40.448-05:00I am in complete agreement with your comment.I am in complete agreement with your comment.Charles R. Anderson, Ph.D.https://www.blogger.com/profile/06941287709009945430noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8959556.post-74690150533604029012024-02-21T06:24:09.519-05:002024-02-21T06:24:09.519-05:00And charging is just part of the problem. The init...And charging is just part of the problem. The initial and replacement costs of batteries are enormous. It also relies on a source of power which is derived mostly from fossil fuels, about 65 percent, so even on environmental terms, it fails.Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8959556.post-35790916950268775672022-10-03T22:27:23.597-05:002022-10-03T22:27:23.597-05:00Very well stated. I love facts. Thanks.Very well stated. I love facts. Thanks.Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8959556.post-80613017249485186562022-03-23T10:49:47.500-05:002022-03-23T10:49:47.500-05:00Thank you for your comment Jim.
The sentence in q...Thank you for your comment Jim.<br /><br />The sentence in question is saying that Democrats and some Republicans do not care whether catastrophic man-made global warming is real or not. It is such a good fear-inducing tool that they embrace it in any case. To be sure, I will modify this to say that the Democrats and Republicans I am referring to are those who might actually know enough about science, or at least the observation of the weather or of economics that they should understand the failure of the catastrophic man-made global warming hypothesis. Of course their are believers who simply accept the hypothesis as true upon the authority of others and who have not or cannot form an independent judgment about its truthfulness. There are some who will not exercise rational judgment simply because they like having the tool and prefer not to understand that it has no basis in reality.Charles R. Anderson, Ph.D.https://www.blogger.com/profile/06941287709009945430noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8959556.post-30888269884614683022022-03-23T00:13:39.231-05:002022-03-23T00:13:39.231-05:00Read with interest - Thanks Charles Extraordinary...Read with interest - Thanks Charles Extraordinary proposed ruling by your US SEC.<br /><br />Question: Your last para in part reads "For Democrats and some Republicans, this is not a reason not to use the fear of it to justify ever-increasing governmental controls over our lives. " <br /><br />Or should it perhaps read "For Democrats and some Republicans, this is not a reason to use the fear of it to justify ever-increasing governmental controls over our lives. " ?<br /><br />Rgds, Jim Simpson, Climate Realists of Five Dock, NSW - Sydney, AustraliaMarathonSimmo, Sydney Ozhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/05529417435989878522noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8959556.post-23390373150227791422022-01-18T20:53:40.386-05:002022-01-18T20:53:40.386-05:00The environmental fanatics believe there are far t...The environmental fanatics believe there are far too many people on this Earth. That in and of itself tells us what they think about the value of human life. Couple such radical environmentalism with group identity classifications as oppressors and victims and we would logically have to assume it is those groups identified as oppressors that they would depopulate. But there is a problem -- the most radical environmentalists are mostly of the oppressor group identity. What a befuddlement! Such angst.Charles R. Anderson, Ph.D.https://www.blogger.com/profile/06941287709009945430noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8959556.post-79837172608278605842022-01-18T11:48:23.688-05:002022-01-18T11:48:23.688-05:00I would not separate environmental fanaticism from...I would not separate environmental fanaticism from today’s well-heeled and swelling socialist tide. It was no fluke that environmentalists provided enormous popular support and leaders for Germany’s Nazi (National Socialist) Party. Also behind today’s movement, as with Nazism, are the tacitly recognized but shadowy “malefactors of great wealth,” to use Joseph Pulitzer’s phrase. There is no need to look closely to see in socialism (and environmentalism) a politics dependent on the most systematic and concentrated – if nearly offhand – cruelty. I urge serious thought about that and recommend ceasing to treat them like the old parties whose names they have assumed. I believe we know who they are.Tom Andersonnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8959556.post-10640614697293773542021-10-24T02:14:22.316-05:002021-10-24T02:14:22.316-05:00Hi Brendan,
The above paper was written to correc...Hi Brendan,<br /><br />The above paper was written to correct the misconception that a surface in thermal equilibrium with another surface emits photons with a power given by sigma times the fourth power of the surface temperature. It would only do that if it were not in equilibrium with any other surface at a non-zero temperature. There are some complicating factors regarding what the conditions for thermal equilibrium actually are.<br /><br />You said:<i>"With a mean free path of 33 metres, an IR photon would collide with and get absorbed and emitted by just 6 CO2 molecules in those first 200 metres. I can’t see how you can get all the IR radiation from the Earth’s surface entirely absorbed by just 6 molecules."</i><br /><br />The radiation from the surface is not all absorbed by the atmosphere. An important fraction escapes without absorption through the range of wavelengths of the atmospheric window. What is absorbed by the atmosphere by CO2 is absorbed in say 33 meters and then is transferred by air molecule collisions to the molecules surrounding the absorbing CO2 molecule. It then rises slowly in a convection current and that rising air cools. Occasionally, one of the CO2 molecules radiates energy to a cooler layer of air above it where that energy is again transferred to the air molecules around the absorbing CO2 molecule. This sudden leap of a photon's worth of energy can be viewed as a cooling process relative to the alternative transport upward of that energy by convection.<br /><br />Why did I say that the surface radiation that could be absorbed by CO2 molecules was absorbed in the lower 200 meters of the atmosphere? The mean free path, say 33 meters, is just that, a mean. Sometimes a CO2 molecule will absorb radiation at a distance of 10 meters, and sometimes (rarely) the first absorption will be at 200 meters. Only a very small fraction of the CO2 absorptions of photons from the surface will occur at altitudes above 200 meters. That fraction of first absorptions above 200 meters is 0.0023. This is the remainder of the fraction absorbed, given by e(-200/33) - 1 = 0.9977.<br /><br />Charles R. Anderson, Ph.D.https://www.blogger.com/profile/06941287709009945430noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8959556.post-78001899159909914802021-10-23T23:21:35.496-05:002021-10-23T23:21:35.496-05:00Charles R. Anderson, Ph.D
I have been reading you...Charles R. Anderson, Ph.D<br /><br />I have been reading your papers with interest. You remind me of myself except your mathematics and physics is at a level way above mine.<br /><br />This paper is written at a high level maths and physics level and there is little lower level language that describes your high level outcomes. I am having difficulty grasping this paper in full.<br /><br />I don’t quote understand the concept of the black body cavity in a vacuum and how that relates to our real world atmosphere.<br /><br />Your 2015 paper Why Greenhouse Gas Theory is Wrong -- An Examination of the Theoretical Basis https://objectivistindividualist.blogspot.com/2015/03/why-greenhouse-gas-theory-is-wrong.html is written in an easy to understand language. I find myself agreeing very closely with this paper.<br /><br />I question one small part.<br /><br />“The limited radiation from the Earth's surface that can be absorbed by carbon dioxide is almost entirely absorbed within 100 or 200 meters from the surface”<br /><br />Then you later said:<br /><br />“The absorption mean free path for carbon dioxide is variously reported as 25, 33, and 47 m . . . according to the calculations of Nasif Nahle in his July 2010 paper”<br /><br />I used his 2011 paper working off 33 metres.<br /><br />Determination of Quantum/Waves Mean Free Path Length of and Total Emissivity of the Carbon Dioxide Considering the Molecular Cross Section of Carbon Dioxide. <br />By Nasif Sabag Nahle 10 April 2011 Nahle, 2011b<br />http://www.biocab.org/Reviewed_Total_Emissivity_of_the_Carbon_Dioxide_and_Mean_Free_Path.pdf<br /><br />I can’t get access to his 2010 paper.<br /><br />I wrote a similar paper to yours.<br /><br />Delay Time for Terrestrial InfraRed Radiation to escape Earth's Atmosphere-2020b<br />DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.32477.64481<br />https://www.researchgate.net/publication/346967791_Delay_Time_for_Terrestrial_InfraRed_Radiation_to_escape_Earth's_Atmosphere-2020b<br /><br />With a mean free path of 33 metres, an IR photon would collide with and get absorbed and emitted by just 6 CO2 molecules in those first 200 metres. I can’t see how you can get all the IR radiation from the Earth’s surface entirely absorbed by just 6 molecules.<br /><br />This is my only real question with your paper.<br /><br />I would be interested to hear your comments on another related paper I wrote.<br /><br />Can InfraRed radiation energy from RAG molecules heat the Earth?<br />DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.35982.69446<br />https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350133914_Can_InfraRed_radiation_energy_from_RAG_molecules_heat_the_Earth<br /><br />I agree with your conclusion that additional infrared active gases have a cooling effect.<br /><br />Your discussion on collisions is interesting. Not covered in almost all the other published literature on the subject.<br /><br />Your comparative discussion with the Moon’s surface I found interesting. I watched all those Apollo missions live at the time. I still can’t fathom how they walked around on a lunar surface that was close to 90 Deg C in temperature without melting their boots.<br /><br />Your analysis of the Kiehl-Trenberth energy budget is excellent.<br /><br />I agree with your discussion on the gravitational effect of surface temperature, the ideal gas law and Loschmidt.<br /><br />You mentioned towards the end of your paper.<br /><br />“Coral and shellfish have actually been so effective in converting carbon dioxide into limestone sediments over the eons that they are responsible for the Earth having too little atmospheric carbon dioxide now for the good of plants and animals.”<br /><br />I have written another paper on this very subject, it is still undergoing review. From other scientific papers on the rates of permanent sequestration of CO2 out of the ocean/atmosphere system and into limestone, I have calculated there is just 50,000 years left before we run out.<br /><br />https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Brendan-Godwin<br />Brendanhttps://www.researchgate.net/profile/Brendan-Godwinnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8959556.post-50759987493471524512021-08-07T15:17:10.571-05:002021-08-07T15:17:10.571-05:00I agree. Here is another evil of too-big governmen...I agree. Here is another evil of too-big government: The imbalance of federal branches underlies shift in the U.S. Supreme Court’s role. The Court is increasingly not an arbiter of constitutionality but is a super-legislator on public issues because Congress has scarpered. Consequently, advocates petition the Court by, among other means, orchestrating public rallies wherever possible, including nomination hearings, to promote decisions that support their political beliefs. On October 8, 2018, Senator Ben Sassse of Nebraska opened Senate hearings for a U.S. Supreme Court nomination by denouncing Congress’s abdication of lawmaking by passing it along to “experts” in the federal executive departments (which now dictate the law under the Court’s “deferral” exception). Sasse complained that Congress, having despaired of managing the exacting details of government, has fueled the Court’s politicization precisely because voters have ceased to rely on their representatives to correct civil grievances and have turned (not unreasonably) to lobbying the Supreme Court as “superlegislators" who may right the wrongs ignored in other places. <br />As for disastrous constitutional results, what else could result?<br /><br />https://www.wsj.com/articles/blame-congress-for-politicizing-the-court-1536189015Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8959556.post-17027923401721079062021-07-19T10:04:43.598-05:002021-07-19T10:04:43.598-05:00The part I like best about the NASA diagram is the...The part I like best about the NASA diagram is the albedo. If there is 340.4 W/m2 coming in, and 99.9 W/m2 total are reflected, that is an albedo of .293. NASA’s own Earth fact sheet says that the real albedo for Earth is .306. The real reflected amount, matching the correct albedo, should be 104.2 W/m2. That means that the net incoming radiation should be 236.2 W/m2. If the outgoing radiation is 239.9 W/m2, then instead of .6 W/m2 of “heating in the pipeline”, there is 3.7 W/m2 of cooling “in the pipeline”. Oh oh, global cooling!Mr Raynoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8959556.post-60570767484534752332021-07-16T14:05:10.353-05:002021-07-16T14:05:10.353-05:00This dismal view of life is an intended feature of...This dismal view of life is an intended feature of socialism, which as you recall, Winston Churchill described as “a philosophy of failure, the creed of ignorance.” Left radicals (clear back to the Revolution in France) are producing exactly what they always have always produced and always wanted to produce. They appeal to the public’s ignorance, in the process raising failure to a public virtue. <br />Why are we astonished? It’s time diverted from confronting the system with the clarity and firmness needed to debunk it. When socialists “do” socialism it is always a very bad thing, but it is always the same bad thing. It is time I think for the rest of us to address their predictable opaqueness and duplicity by exposing the shopworn bromides originating from when Marx and Engels first set type to paper. If you are interested, I believe I finally have a readable summary of Hayek’s Road to Serfdom. I am trying to send it around in case anybody will read (or perhaps even comment on) it. <br /><br />PS I am not anonymous; it's Tom Anderson. My new email address is ourilk@protonmail.com. It's encrypted and better protected than gmail.Tom Andersonnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8959556.post-12767876335758698842021-05-10T06:33:44.509-05:002021-05-10T06:33:44.509-05:00Most of the time when individuals work for a commo...Most of the time when individuals work for a common purpose or end, they do so in the private sector on a completely voluntary basis. This opens up innumerable possibilities for mutually beneficial cooperation between individuals, while allowing them to maintain their individuality and even to further develop their individuality.<br /><br />As Bob Webster points out, the federal government according to our Constitution actually has very little function in governing individuals. It will have some limited governing interactions with individuals respect to national defense, with those involved in international trade, with those seeking and maintaining patents, etc. The primary "governing" functions are left with the state and local governments.<br /><br />However, once the federal government declared its job to be to provide full employment, retirement benefits, health benefits, housing, unemployment benefits, food aid, child rearing aid, the collection and dissemination of information, education aid and dictates, pollution controls, workplace safety, the control of flight, and myriad other functions, the federal government has become a micromanager of our lives. This violates its very limited Constitutional powers and has made a mockery of our many and broad rights, even that limited list provided for explicitly in the Bill of Rights and the additional constitutional amendments.Charles R. Anderson, Ph.D.https://www.blogger.com/profile/06941287709009945430noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8959556.post-86550509711668556212021-05-04T18:19:31.120-05:002021-05-04T18:19:31.120-05:00A recent conversation with a friend inspired this ...A recent conversation with a friend inspired this same line of thought. Socialism has become a mainstream aspiration for today's youth in the US. And the Nåzis, who were anti-capitalists, who's name is a literal shorthand for National Socialist, are somehow right of the political center because of the single characteristic that they were not globalists. And so they are frequently used as a disparaging caricature of the conservative. Which by all accounts couldn't be further from the truth. It reminds me of the famous Nåzi propaganda axiom, that if you tell a lie long enough and loud enough, eventually it will become the truth. Of course the Left in the United States, from our intelligence agencies to the Media and the DNC, to Antifa commiting criminal violence on our streets —not only do they have a great deal more in common with the National Socialists of Germany, they are their direct successors. And not just in spirit, as one can trace their members and ideological allies through history to arrive at our present day circumstances. Of course a great many Republicans are part of that movement as well, but slightly less so. <br /><br />As with any corrupt and despotic regime throughout history, the greatest threat to their power is their own people. And so our intelligence agencies and spy programs are being increasingly revamped to focus on domestic citizens at large. And their coordinated attacks on our civil, constitutional, and basic human rights are accelerating. While at the same time we are witnessing the rise of a new aristocratic class, exempt from our laws, which can, and are, using our government resources as tools to exploit our wealth, and "redistribute" our property. And at the same time through the use of the courts and the intelligence agencies, they are actively snuffing out any grassroots freedom movement that could otherwise naturally arise to regain the rights and freedoms of the little people. Because we are a nation by and for the individual, and the prosperity of the little people, they are demonizing our history in public and in schools, to make way for pure authoritarianism, and the complete destruction of the rights and powers of the common citizen. Dizzy Vhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/01449900368570707061noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8959556.post-15034909742975912702021-02-20T13:58:46.470-05:002021-02-20T13:58:46.470-05:00"Its apparent that this scam is either entire..."Its apparent that this scam is either entirely irrational or driven by another agenda." I once read a novel titled, "The Fools in Town Are on Our Side." I forget the plot(hardly matters) but it was probably about how to stay in office forever. Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8959556.post-7527850655676823342021-02-08T19:35:22.852-05:002021-02-08T19:35:22.852-05:00Thanks for a great paper.
While there is warming ...Thanks for a great paper.<br /><br />While there is warming evident in the average annual data for the Tropical Mid troposphere, there has been no warming in summer season in that part of Australia classified as Hot Summer, Cold Winter. The warming that has occurred has lengthened the growing season. This is apparent in all climate stations that have 80-120 years of data. So, it's unambiguous.<br /><br />It's actually cooler in these locations today, than it was prior to the 1930s.<br /><br />Equally, if one looks at the temperature data by month, over the northern hemisphere and the lower latitudes of the southern hemisphere, January shows the steepest increase whereas there has been little advance in July.<br /><br />In the mid and high latitudes of the southern hemisphere temperature has been an increase in the winter months, as for the northern hemisphere.<br /><br />The southern hemisphere, taken as a whole, has not warmed for three decades in the month of January. The increase in December and February is tiny.<br /><br />The Antarctic has been cooling in January for seventy years.<br /><br />Obviously, this pattern of warming can not be explained by an enhanced greenhouse effect. The hypothesis is nonsense. Its apparent that this scam is either entirely irrational or driven by another agenda. A trojan horse designed to engineer social change. The Great Reset?Erlhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/17789990627504025651noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8959556.post-84455819416541563212021-01-31T16:22:30.814-05:002021-01-31T16:22:30.814-05:00I am still uncomfortable when people allege a conf...I am still uncomfortable when people allege a conflict between Communists, Marxists, fascists and occasionally Nazis – mainly it is loose talk. They were ALL socialists, with minor doctrinal differences that led to ferocious rivalry and blood-soaked raiding for members.<br /><br />I am still attempting to work up a readable summary of Hayek’s “Road.” Socialism is not an amorphous “bad thing” to hate or fawn over but an identifiable (very flawed) program susceptible to effective deconstruction, but only if people understand it. I have 20 pages of what I hope will be half or less the original's length (aiming for 50 pages), and am trying for a readable statement. This nearly 80-year-old book is the only complete, fairly concise analysis and applies in spades today.<br />Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8959556.post-2473714779320664642021-01-17T13:07:44.974-05:002021-01-17T13:07:44.974-05:00Charles,
My concern is not 1775 but 1936, when t...Charles, <br /><br />My concern is not 1775 but 1936, when the Spanish Civil War became a Nazi-Fascist pilot program for World War II, to the tragic loss and injury of Spanish civilians. As a strategic consideration, it seems unlikely that the CCP would not assist American socialists in an armed conflict. <br /><br />Second, even without foreign intervention, the Biden government controls the US armed forces. He’ll be commander in chief. The US military keeps studiously away from politics and, barring desertion of large segments of the military, any insurrection now would be at a tactical disadvantage as well. <br /><br />If Donald Trump had overcome the Fraud by the narrowest of constitutional devices, there would have been an uprising by the Left, which would have been cause to invoke the Insurrection Act and his Executive Order. Rebellion would have found conservatives with the upper hand. <br /><br />Yet in the end I agree with Winston Churchill: "If you will not fight for right when you can easily win without blood shed; if you will not fight when your victory is sure and not too costly; you may come to the moment when you will have to fight with all the odds against you and only a precarious chance of survival. There may even be a worse case. You may have to fight when there is no hope of victory, because it is better to perish than to live as slaves."<br /><br />I believe the second phase passed when Mike Pence followed the letter but not spirit of the Constitution and opened the tainted electoral votes. A more committed man could have justified declining to act. I think American freedom has only a precarious chance of survival now, though we are not at yet the stage of “perish or live slaves.” <br /><br />Churchill also advised, “KBO,” or more elaborately, “If you’re going through hell, keep going.”<br /><br />Don’t give up hope or your principles. <br /><br />Tom Anderson, Eureka, CA<br />Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8959556.post-83364555992037743892021-01-08T16:37:32.055-05:002021-01-08T16:37:32.055-05:00Charles,
Agreed. It was appalling that Vice Pres...Charles, <br /><br />Agreed. It was appalling that Vice President Pence would not make the deviation that could have avoided the coming shipwreck. Donald Trump made mistakes at the end. The riot was madness, retribution probably will be boundless. The exposure of election fraud that would have emerged in a second Trump administration will wither and be interred. I don’t know if you ever visit Lubos Motl’s site. Motl says people he knew were baffled by how effortlessly the American left could lead the nation into what it took central Europe generations to shed. Even the Swedes booted their nanny state. My own belief is that Americans have no idea what socialism is. Many, especially the young, of course, believe it is utopia, very fittingly Greek for “no place.” Nobody reads old books, how would they know? <br /><br />Tom Anderson, Eureka, CAAnonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8959556.post-57446412007840551332020-11-27T00:47:38.611-05:002020-11-27T00:47:38.611-05:00Why is it in the interest of government to make us...Why is it in the interest of government to make us helpless by depriving us of our right to defend ourselves?<br /><br />1) Then we are dependent on government entirely to protect us from those with weapons or from those who use violence as a substitute for hard work and the offering of values for what they want.<br /><br />2) Our governments give special dispensation to union thugs to use violence and does not want us to be able to defend ourselves from the organized crime and/or socialist union leaders.<br /><br />3) Many of our governments want us to be intimidated by organized groups they favor such as Occupy Wall Street, Black Lives Matter, and Antifa who utilize violence. The acceptance of violent groups of the past such as The Weathermen and the Black Panthers anchors this as a long tradition of the American left. Of course that tradition in Europe includes the leftist street gangs of the National Socialist Workers Party and the Communists.<br /><br />4) Governments do not want to be limited in the scope and nature of their dictates to the people by concerns about whether the people will rebel. The Americans certainly would have had a much harder time rebelling against King George III if they had been unarmed. As it was, their relative lack of muskets, canon, and black powder caused the American rebellion constant problems. Why did the shooting reach critical mass in the American Revolution? Because King George III sent his troops through Lexington and on to Concord to confiscate the guns and black powder of the American militia. So of course, evil Biden and the Democrat Socialists do not want Americans to have even the modest firepower of an AR-15. They also want to make only limited ammunition available. Clearly, they see themselves as the modern King George III. When you lock down businesses so long that many fail, ruining the owners and putting their employees out of work, you do not want them to be able to rebel. When you disregard the people's votes by flooding an election with illegitimate votes, you do not want the people to be able to revolt.Charles R. Anderson, Ph.D.https://www.blogger.com/profile/06941287709009945430noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8959556.post-67344105423986380322020-11-26T13:25:01.307-05:002020-11-26T13:25:01.307-05:00Thomas Sowell once said in one of his videos that ...Thomas Sowell once said in one of his videos that the UK has a much higher burglary rate than the US. Any burglar in the US knows if he breaks and enters he is likely to encounter a hail of bullets. <br /><br />I grew up in a rough neighborhood. My dad, not the most aggressive of individuals, kept a loaded shotgun in the bedroom closet so he could tell an intruder with some authority he had it in his hands and to come on to see if it was loaded.<br /> <br />Need I add here that the aim of gun-control governments is to make us helpless?<br />Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8959556.post-89125129629810902042020-11-24T04:40:39.013-05:002020-11-24T04:40:39.013-05:00We agree on nearly every aspect of you explanation...We agree on nearly every aspect of you explanation.Charles R. Anderson, Ph.D.https://www.blogger.com/profile/09610765984333672076noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8959556.post-36709491334531120482020-11-23T23:42:39.243-05:002020-11-23T23:42:39.243-05:00The way I put it is that the polyatomic molecules ...The way I put it is that the polyatomic molecules such as CO2 and H2O shift the lapse rate more vertically, which has the effect of lessening the temperature differential between<br />differing altitudes. They increase the thermodynamic coupling between heat source (in this case, the surface) and heat sink (in this case, space).<br /><br />Given that extinction depth at the surface is low, nearly all the IR radiation is thermalized, which only has the effect of increasing CAPE (Convective Available Potential Energy), which makes more efficient the convective transport of energy to the upper atmosphere.<br /><br />Molecules with more specific heat capacity or latent heat capacity than that of the homonuclear diatomics would make that convective transport of energy to the upper atmosphere all the more efficient.<br /><br />Once convected to the upper atmosphere, those radiative molecules radiate their energy away (something homonuclear diatomics cannot do unless perturbed via collision... but collisions happen far less frequently in the upper atmosphere).<br /><br />More polyatomic molecules will emit more radiation, cooling the upper atmosphere faster than the lower atmosphere can warm it, which is why we've seen a long-term and statistically-significant temperature drop in the upper atmosphere, and why we've seen an increase of OLR of ~7 W/m^2 over ~72 years even as surface temperature showed no statistically-significant trend.<br /><br />Given that mean free path length for radiation decreases exponentially with decreasing altitude (and vice versa) any downwelling radiation is quickly turned around to upwelling, and is emitted to space.<br /><br />Given that the radiative flux in the IR band from solar insolation is much greater than terrestrial radiation in the same band (check the Planck curve for solar insolation vs. terrestrial radiation, if you don't believe me), a higher atmospheric concentration of polyatomic molecules will act as a 'shade' to the surface.<br /><br />In fact, if you study the refrigeration cycle, you'll find that water acts as an atmospheric refrigerant (in a literal 'refrigeration cycle' sense). The same applies to CO2 to a much lesser extent since CO2 only has specific heat capacity, whereas H2O has specific heat capacity and latent heat capacity.<br /><br />Thus a higher atmospheric concentration of polyatomic (radiative) molecules must cool the surface toward the temperature of the upper atmosphere (due to shifting the lapse rate more vertically, *and* due to radiatively cooling the upper atmosphere faster than the lower atmosphere can warm it), rather than the other way around (the upper atmosphere warming toward the temperature of the surface). We just have to work through the humongous thermal capacity of the planet, which warmed due to a long series of stronger-than-normal solar cycles in the now-ended Grand Solar Maximum.Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8959556.post-21669084402209268052020-11-19T15:00:23.185-05:002020-11-19T15:00:23.185-05:00In Brazil, the Government used similar method to e...<br />In Brazil, the Government used similar method to exclude the population's right to have weapons. Expensive fees and various restrictions for traders. Justice criminalizes the right of defense, prosecuting the victim who reacts against an burglar, often more armed.<br />Even with a pro-arms government, there are countless difficulties in changing existing legislation.Daniel Nóbregahttps://www.blogger.com/profile/04709482270480886146noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8959556.post-53440040268388036672020-11-15T02:35:13.593-05:002020-11-15T02:35:13.593-05:00Excellent. But more of an anti-Biden essay than a...Excellent. But more of an anti-Biden essay than a pro-Trump one. Unlike most Objectivists who are anti-Trumpites for Trump, I am a pro-Trumpite for Trump.Edhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/03432146226357032162noreply@blogger.com